Marxwaad: Communism / Socialism Kya Hai? 

Marxwaad ek bahut badi aur gehri philosophy hai, par interestingly, isme philosophy se zyada politics aur economics ki baatein hain. Marx ka sabse bada credit ye hai ki unhone philosophy ko sociology mein badal diya. Jab Marx France mein the aur apne saathi Feuerbach se mile, tab Feuerbach ne unhe Hegel ko “ulta” karne ka idea diya. 

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Hegel Ko Ulta Karne Ka Kamaal

Jab Marx ne Hegel ki philosophy ko ulta karna shuru kiya, toh unhe pata chala ki Hegel ki philosophy idealism ya spirituality nahi thi. Balki, woh ek tarah ka chhadm roop (disguised form) ka socialism tha, jise Hegel ne adhyatmik roop de diya tha.

Marx ke baare mein kaha jata hai ki duniya mein sirf teen aise log hue hain jinhone duniya ki atma ko jhinjhod ke rakh diya: Marx, Darwin, aur Freud. Marx ka asar itna gehra hai ki koi aisa field nahi jahan unka prabhav na ho. Chahe woh philosophy ho, politics ho, social customs ho, art ho, religion ho, ya ethics – har jagah Marxwaad ka asar saaf dikhayi deta hai. Aap Leftist art ko dekh kar hi bata sakte hain ki yeh unhone banaya hai.

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Kant Aur Hegel Ki Galtiyan: Marx Ka Solution

Bade-bade thinkers ne yahan tak kaha hai ki Kant ek bahut badi philosophical mistake kari thi. Kant ne har cheez ko transcendental bana diya, jaise transcendental soul aur categories of understanding. Unhone “thing-in-itself” ki baat karke ek tarah ka andhvishwas paida kar diya ki koi shakti zaroor hai jise hum jaan nahi sakte. 

Marxists kehte hain, agar aap kisi cheez ko jaan nahi sakte aur phir bhi uspe bharosa kar rahe hain ki woh hai, toh yeh sirf andhvishwas hai.

Hegel ko toh philosophy ki misfortune (badkismati) maana jata hai. Unhone apni philosophy ko itna mystical aur complex bana diya ki Marx khud bhi unhe samajh nahi paaye the jab tak woh France nahi gaye. Hegel ki shabdaavali itni mushkil thi ki aam aadmi use samajh hi nahi sakta tha.

Aur Marx? Marx hi inki galti aur badkismati se bachaane waale the. Jab Marx ne Hegel ko ulta kiya, toh usme se socialism nikal aaya. Hegel jo spirituality, God, aur Absolute ki baatein kar rahe the, woh asal mein socialism hi tha jab unki philosophy ko theek se dekha gaya.

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Plato Se Marx Tak: Samaajwaad Ka Safar

Marx ne dekha ki socialism ki baat toh pehle bhi kai log kar chuke hain, jaise Saint-Simon aur purane zamane mein Plato bhi. 

Plato ka “communism of wives” (biwiyon ka saamyavaad) aur yeh vichar ki private property hi saari buraiyon ki roots hai, yeh sab iss baat ka saboot hain. 

Plato toh yahan tak kehte the ki bachche bhi private nahi hone chahiye, kyunki log apne naalaayak bachchon ko bhi bade-bade posts par lagane ke liye galat kaam karte hain. Unke hisaab se, jab bachcha paida ho, use raajya / state ko dedo. 6 mahine baad aap pehchan bhi nahi paoge ki kaun aapka bachcha hai, aur raajya tay karega ki unka kya karna hai.

Lekin Marx ne kaha ki yeh saara pehle wala socialism incomplete tha. Unhone Socialism ko ek mazboot aadhaar diya. Unhone socialism ko bhautik (material) aur economic (aarthik) aadhaaron par khada kiya.

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Marx: The Father of Socialism

Doosre logon ne bhi socialism ki baat ki, jahan samaaj ko pradhaan mana gaya aur insaan ka kisi private cheez par adhikar nahi. 

Lekin Marx ne kaha ki iska aadhaar kya hona chahiye? Iska aadhaar / base economic hona chahiye.

Marx ka duniya ko sabse bada yogdaan unka Socialism hai. Baad mein unke saathiyon, jaise Engels, ne iska naam badal kar Communism kar diya, lekin shuruat mein Marx ne ise Socialism hi kaha tha.